Sunday, January 30, 2011

Are Advanced Paternal Age and Point Mutation at Chromosome 4 Associated With Schizophrenia?

Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry. 2010;12(5). pii: PCC.10l00952.

Are Advanced Paternal Age and Point Mutation at Chromosome 4 Associated With Schizophrenia?
Phutane VH, Loganathan S, Jhirwal OP, Varghese M, Jain S, Girimaji SC.

Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, School of Medicine, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven ; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri ; Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Human Behavior and Allied Science, Delhi, India ; and Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.

PMID: 21274353 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Thursday, January 13, 2011

The Male Biological Clock

According to Nebraska Medical Center, ideally, fathers should finish their family by 40. It is quite risky for fathers over forty to have a child with an autosomal dominant mutation. Fathers over fifty were found to have a twenty percent greater incidence of producing a baby born with serious defects.

A research scientist has been looking into male infertility and remains unconvinced by the American findings on sperm quality.

They get men over sixty coming in for semen analysis and their sperm is no different from that of 20-year-old added the scientist. After 55, sperm numbers significantly reduce. Furthermore he takes the traditional view, maintaining that sperm quality is influenced by factors other than age. Alcohol, smoking, stress, diet, and large levels of cadmium and lead can affect sperm, Heavy alcoholics and cocaine users experience the severest drop in sperm production added research scientist.

According to studies, men are productivity better built than women, sperm are produced every minute of the day, each sperm taking 72 days to evolve. A man produces 200-400 million sperm a day- and it only needs one to fertilize an egg. This goes some way to explained why traditionally it has been more socially acceptable for men to "spread their seed"; it’s all in the name of procreation.

Author of the Rites of Man: love, sex and death in the making of the male, believes that encountering paternal death sooner rather than later makes a great deal of difference to a child. So, if the father is approaching that age, it’s likely that parental loss will occur just when the child is supposed to having the best time of her or his life. This can lead to awful emotional difficulties, apart from the understandable grief. It can result in terrible feelings of guilt and anger.

Nowadays, economic factors like money, jobs, maternity leave and child care play as even greater part in determining when is the right time to reproduce.

The older father will often become "Big Daddy", showering gifts on the daughter and spoiling her. Treating her as "his baby". The relationship will either be intensely paternalistic or lover-like. The more the older father invests in his daughter, the more difficult it will be for her daughter to become independent.

An older father only grows older and, as his daughter’s life is expanding, he is contracting. When he is post-menopausal, she is becoming a woman.

Beating the clock

Nowadays, economic factors like jobs, maternity leave, money and child care play an even greater part in determining when it is right time to reproduce. As women, it can be galling to feel there is a further pressing factor: the biological clock. The facts that biology may not be so favorable to men either is one that, curiously, has been all but ignored up to now. According to psychology adviser, as long as women are conscious of their biological clock, while men regard themselves as immune, this will remain a potential source of conflict and of women’s resentment. But if men start to become more conscious of their own internal ticking the two sexes will gain understanding of each other.

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Wednesday, January 12, 2011

Delayed fathering and risk of mental disorders in adult offspring.

Early Hum Dev. 2011 Jan 8. [Epub ahead of print]

Delayed fathering and risk of mental disorders in adult offspring.
Krishnaswamy S, Subramaniam K, Ramachandran P, Indran T, Abdul Aziz J.

University of New England, Locked bag 4, NSW 2351, Australia.

Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Delayed parenting and child bearing at a very young age impose various risks to development of the offspring.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the association between disparities in parental age and increased risk factor for common mental disorders in the progenies during adulthood.

METHODOLOGY: The Malaysian Mental Health Survey (MMHS) was analysed for this study. Respondents were asked to estimate the age of their parents at their birth. Presence of common mental disorders (CMD) was determined by referring to the diagnosis given by the Clinical Interview Schedule-Revised (CIS-R) instrument in the Programmed Questionnaire System (PROQSY) format. The association between parental age disparities and CMD was studied using logistic regression.

RESULT: Fifty three percent (n=1972) of the MMHS respondents (N=3666) knew the age of both parents and were included in the study. Three percent (n=53) had significant disparity in parental age, or a difference of 11years or more. Respondents born to parents with significant age disparity had a prevalence rate of 24% (95% CI=22.12-25.89) for CMD in comparison to 6% (95% CI=5.99-6.11) in their counterparts and 3.4 times higher risk for CMD, after adjusting for demographic factors, paternal age at birth and presence of family history of mental disorders. Amongst those born to older fathers aged 50 and above, the presence of disparity increased the rate for CMD to 42% (95% CI=39.82-44.18).

DISCUSSION: Disparity in parental age was significantly associated with increased risk for CMD. Various psychosocial factors contributing to age disparity in both the father and the mother could predispose to stress and mental health problems.

Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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